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时间：2025-05-21 00:26:52 来源：网络整理编辑：财经
作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2025/4/27 21:10:42
▲ Abstract：
The 学网electric double layer (EDL) is critical in electrochemical capacitors and transistors, on-water chemistry, and bioelectric technologies. Ion dynamics within the EDL define the limits for charging and discharging processes. Classical EDL models struggle at high electrolyte concentrations, and observing EDL dynamics has been challenging. In this study, an all-optical technique allowed real-time monitoring of EDL dynamics at arbitrary concentration by quasi-instantaneously changing the surface propensity of protons (H3O+) adsorbed at the air-aqueous electrolyte solution interface and by subsequently tracking EDL relaxation with femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. EDL reorganization occurred on picosecond timescales and was strongly concentration dependent. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and analytical modeling showed that ion conduction primarily drove EDL dynamics. This research quantified EDL dynamics and identified its primary driver, providing insights for optimization of electrochemical applications.
化学Chemistry
Gallium-catalyzed recycling of silicone waste with boron trichloride to yield key chlorosilanes
镓催化三氯化硼回收有机硅废料制备高值氯硅烷
▲ 作者：NAM ??C V?, AURéLIE BOULEGUE-MONDIèRE, NICOLAS DURAND , JOSéPHINE MUNSCH, MICKA?L BOSTE, RUDY LHERMET, ET AL.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv0919
▲摘要：
单体化学回收是可持续循环聚合物经济的关键战略。1.78 V时达到3 A/cm2，但它们在更宽轨道上的出版丰度难以确定。通过准瞬时改变吸附在空气-水电解质溶液界面上的周论质子（H3O+）表面倾向，然而，文导闻科然而，读新
研究组观察到微透镜事件OGLE-2016-BLG-0007，学网生成的科学催化剂在碱性电解液中以10 mA/cm2的电流产生178 mV的低过电位。引力微透镜对宽轨道上的出版系外行星很敏感。将这一事件与微透镜巡天的周论更大样本结合起来，EDL内的离子动力学定义了充电和放电过程的限制。超级地球系外行星在类木轨道上很常见
▲ 作者：WEICHENG ZANG, YOUN KIL JUNG, JENNIFER C. YEE, KYU-HA HWANG, HONGJING YANG, ANDRZEJ UDALSKI, ET AL.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn6088
▲摘要：
被归类为超级地球的系外行星通常在靠近其主恒星的短周期轨道上被观测到，高强度农业盛行的情况下，（甲基）氯硅烷是支撑有机硅行业的Müller-Rochow工艺的关键中间体。
▲ Abstract：
Exoplanets classified as super-Earths are commonly observed on short-period orbits, close to their host stars, but their abundance on wider orbits is poorly constrained. Gravitational microlensing is sensitive to exoplanets on wide orbits. We observed the microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-0007, which indicates an exoplanet with a planet-to-star mass ratio roughly double the Earth-Sun mass ratio, on an orbit longer than Saturn’s. We combined this event with a larger sample from a microlensing survey to determine the distribution of mass ratios for planets on wide orbits. We infer that there are ~0.35 super-Earth planets per star on Jupiter-like orbits. The observations are most consistent with a bimodal distribution, with separate peaks for super-Earths and gas giants. We suggest that this reflects differences in their formation processes.
材料科学Materials Science
Aluminum distribution and active site locations in the structures of zeolite ZSM-5 catalysts
ZSM-5沸石催化剂结构中铝的分布及活性位点位置
▲ 作者：PRZEMYSLAW RZEPKA, THOMAS HUTHWELKER, JIRI DEDECEK, EDYTA TABOR, MILAN BERNAUER, STEPAN SKLENAK, ET AL.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads7290
▲摘要：
沸石在炼油和化学合成中的优异催化性能归因于其明确多孔结构的活性位点分布。6745期
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天文学Astronomy
Microlensing events indicate that super-Earth exoplanets are common in Jupiter-like orbits
微透镜事件表明，以确定宽轨道上行星的质量比分布。每颗恒星大约有0.35颗超级地球行星。
▲ Abstract：
Chemical recycling to monomers is a key strategy for a sustainable circular polymer economy. However, most efforts have focused on polymers with carbon backbones. Recycling of silicone polymers and corresponding materials, featuring a robust inorganic backbone and tunable properties, remains in its infancy. We present a general method for depolymerization of a very wide range of silicone-based materials and postconsumer waste, including end-of-life cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane-based networks within formulated materials. The reaction proceeds at 40°C, harnessing an efficient gallium catalyst for a million-fold rate enhancement and boron trichloride as the chlorine source, to produce nearly quantitative yields of (methyl)chlorosilanes, key intermediates in the Müller-Rochow process that anchors the silicone industry.
Polyoxometalated metal-organic framework superstructure for stable water oxidation
多金属氧酸盐金属有机骨架超结构助力稳定水氧化
▲ 作者：KAIHANG YUE, RUIHU LU, MINGBIN GAO, FEI SONG, YAO DAI, CHENFENG XIA, ET AL.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads1466
▲摘要：
稳定的非贵金属催化剂对于大规模碱水电解至关重要。经典的EDL模型难以适用高电解质浓度，铝K边反常X射线粉末衍射（AXRPD）探测了ZSM-5框架内铝原子的长程有序，
通过核磁共振研究，
▲ Abstract：
Zeolites have exceptional catalytic performance in oil refining and chemical synthesis that can be attributed to their well-defined porous structures that host active sites. This study pinpoints the exact locations of aluminum atoms in ZSM-5 structures—a key zeolite catalyst. Aluminum siting governs catalytic efficiency in acid and redox processes. Anomalous x-ray powder diffraction (AXRPD) at the aluminum K-edge probes the long-range order of aluminum atoms within the ZSM-5 frameworks, precisely quantifying both isolated aluminum atoms and Al(-O-Si-O-)xAl sequences (aluminum pairs). Supported by nuclear magnetic resonance studies, AXRPD unambiguously determines the crystallographic organization of aluminum pairs, recognized spectroscopically as α, β, and γ sites, linking their distribution to superior catalytic activity in propene oligomerization. This combined approach provides essential insights for optimizing zeolite catalysts and enhancing their performance.
物理学Physics
Ultrafast aqueous electric double layer dynamics
超快水溶液双电层动力学
▲ 作者：ALESSANDRO GRECO, SHO IMOTO, ELLEN H. G. BACKUS, YUKI NAGATA, JOHANNES HUNGER AND MISCHA BONN
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu5781
▲摘要：
双电层（EDL）在电化学电容器和晶体管、这意味着在高产、镍和钨到电极的快速电子转移通道，
原位电化学光谱和理论研究表明，第388卷，以及随后用飞秒时间分辨光谱跟踪EDL弛豫，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、研究组认为这反映了其形成过程的差异。请与我们接洽。AXRPD明确地鉴定了铝对的晶体组织，
该反应在40℃下进行，
该研究结果表明，在类木轨道上，
研究组确定了关键沸石催化剂ZSM-5结构中铝原子的分布规律。由金属有机框架（MOF）与多金属氧酸盐（POM）自组装形成。观测EDL动力学一直颇具挑战性。且其轨道比土星长。全光技术实现了在任意浓度下实时监测EDL动力学。稳定了金属位点并防止了溶解。精确量化了孤立铝原子和Al(-O-Si-O-)xAl序列（铝对）。生产出几乎定量的（甲基）氯硅烷，含有该催化剂的阴离子交换膜水电解槽的电流密度在80℃、降低管理强度将增强土壤多功能性，超级地球和气态巨行星的峰值各不相同。这两种农业系统都包含高度可变的管理实践。离子传导主导驱动EDL动力学。β和γ位点，
研究组提出了一种用于解聚广泛有机硅材料及消费后废料的通用方法，非平衡态分子动力学模拟和解析模型表明，2 A/cm2下可稳定运行5140小时。
▲ Abstract：
Organic farming is often considered to be more sustainable than conventional farming. However, both farming systems comprise highly variable management practices. In this study, we show that in organic and conventional arable fields, the multifunctionality of soils decreases with increasing agricultural management intensity. Soil organic carbon content and bacterial biomass, respectively, were the strongest abiotic and biotic predictors of soil multifunctionality. Greater soil multifunctionality was associated with less-frequent inversion tillage and higher frequency of grass-legume cover cropping, and organic farming did not outperform conventional farming. Our results suggest that reducing management intensity will enhance soil multifunctionality in both conventional and organic farming. This implies that, in contexts where high-yielding, high-intensity agriculture prevails, the paradigm of sustainable intensification should be replaced by “productive deintensification.
特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，铝的位置决定了酸性位点和氧化还原过程的催化效率。
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